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AP 5.3: Risikobewertung "Hygiene" für Wasser in der Stadt

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Aufgrund länger anhaltender Trockenperioden und mehr Starkregenereignissen ist es sehr wichtig, dass das Wasser zum einen in Retentionsbereiche gelangt und zum anderen, dass das Kanalsystem vor massiven Eindringen von Regenwasser und Grauwasserabschlägen bewahrt wird. Dafür erscheint das Auffangen von Niederschlagswasser über den Dachabfluss als eine sehr geeignete Möglichkeit.

Ein wichtiger Punkt, bezüglich des Auffangen von Regenwassers ist die allgemeine Gesundheitsgefährdung in Bezug auf mikrobiologische Verunreinigungen (z. B. Bakterien, Viren und Protozoen). Die Dächer, die genutzt werden um das Regenwasser zu sammeln, sind Exkrementen von Vögeln, Insekten, kleinen Säugetieren und Reptilien ausgesetzt (direkte Kontamination). Auch eine indirekte Kontamination durch die atmosphärischen Rückstände der umliegenden Organismen ist möglich. Während der Regenereignisse könnten die Fäkalien und andere organische Überreste die Regenrückhaltebereiche verschmutzen.

Pathogene in Zusammenhang mit organischen Materialien sind geschützter und haben deshalb eine längere Überlebensdauer als Pathogene, die sich direkt auf der Oberfläche befinden. Die Anwesenheit von Pathogenen in Auffangbereichen hängt außerdem von Umweltfaktoren, wie Temperatur und Sonnenlicht ab.

Bis heute gibt es keine einheitlichen Richtlinien für die Wasserqualität und mikrobielle Grenzwerte für das aufgefangene Niederschlagswasser.


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